Mobile commerce

mobile commerce is doing buing and selling through a devics such as, mobil phone, smartphone and PDA.

Mobile Banking:

Banks and other financial institutions use mobile commerce to allow their customers to access account information and make transactions, such as purchasing stocks, remitting money

Mobile purchase:

can accept order frome customer electronically. via customer devices

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Mobile marketing: 

 

mobile marketing refers to marketing sent to mobile devices. Companies have reported that they see better response from mobile marketing campaigns than from traditional campaigns.

E business

Internet make the world smaller. Most of the people are using the internet to make their life easier .  what is more the internet have involvment in the business through what is called electronic bussiness and electronic commerce.

Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce refers to the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. The term may refer to more than just buying and selling products online. It also includes the  online process of marketing, selling, delivering, and paying for products and services.

Type of commerce:

·         Bussines to business (B2B)

·         Business to consumer (B2C)

·         Consumer to consumer (C2C)

Online advertising:

It a form of pormotion in order to deliver information or message to people trough the internet .

One major benefit of online advertising is the immediate publishing of information and content that is not limited by geography or time. Also the advertisment is good investment for the investors because it attract more customer



LAN Topologies

network topologies

Talking about the Local area network, we should be familiar with the concept of the LAN topology that we use. There are many types of LAN topologies for different types of networks. We should also be familiar between physical topology and logical topology. Physical topology describes the layout of a network media such as copper cable, fiber optic cable, and most popular today is the wireless. While the logical topology is concerned about logical path through the network that data can take from one place to another.

The following are basic types of LAN topology

• Bus
• Star
• Ring
• Mesh
• Hybrids

But in this chapter we consider only in three types of it, Bus, Star, and ring

Bus topology

w  All network nodes connect to the bus, which is a single communications channel, such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, or fiber optic cable.

Advantages:

 LAN Bus topology is very simple and inexpensive to implement, there is only one main trunk.    

Disadvantages:

• LAN Bus topology requires proper termination on both ends of the bus. Improper termination will cause the network to be malfunction     
• One single trunk cable becomes a single point of failure, one break, causes all the network impact.
• Difficult in troubleshooting since you only have one single cable to share for all the computers on the network.

Star topology:

All network nodes connect to a single computer, typically the file server.

Advantages:

Any single failure of the port will not impact the whole network. See also

Installation of the cable in each port will not disrupt LAN services

No termination needed like in bus topology.

Ring topology:

Network nodes are connected to adjacent nodes to form a closed loop.

In a ring topology, access to the network is controlled through a token that is passed from node to node as the arbitration mechanism. Each node takes its turn at claiming the token as the token passes from neighbor to neighbor, and when a node possesses the token, it takes its turn to transmit onto the ring

Advantages:

• No collision detection mechanism is required, so Token ring provides greater overall bandwidth use.
• Troubleshooting is easy by the fact that each node only knows its upstream and downstream neighbors.

Disadvantages:

• The firmware required to manage the ring is somewhat complicated and must be on every network card that participates in the ring
• Expensive to implement and mostly the LANs today use Ethernet technology which dominate the market today.



Many application need data and the data should be organized so that any department in the company sue it. A huge number of data make difficult to manage it. In the past the firms are using files and document for storing the data that make difficult to find whatever you need.



Why data are difficult to manage?

*The amount of data are increasing rapidly.

*Data are scatter and it is form various place.

*Data come from internal and external sources.

*Data come from the web and it record what are doing there.     

The data level:

Data started with bit that is smallest unit of data. A group of bits called byte that single character. When grouping of those characters called a filed. A related field called record. Finally, the group of related field called database.

What data base do?

It minimize data redundant , data isolation, data inconsistency.

It maximize data securities , data integrity and data independent

 

the important issue in information systems

This chapter is long but interesting because it shows some interesting methods  that  related to information systems also related to our life. There are many issues one of these issues is ethical issue. Ethics means what is right and wrong. Also there is a code of ethics that is rules in any organization that they should follow to protect their organization and their employees. There are four categories of ethical issues the important from these is privacy issues. Privacy is what belong to us and not to share with others but the privacy not absolute because sometimes the society need it.

The second categories is threat to information security. Threat is danger that happen in any system.

Exposure: damage that can be result.

Vulnerability: possibility the system damage.

Risk:  probability that damage happen.

There are two type of threat:

Unintentional Treat: human errors, environmental and computer system design.

Intentional Threats: hacker, cracker and social enginneing.

  

chapter(1)

Information system: get right information for right people at right time.

differences between Data, information and knowledge:

Data: things, event or activities that have not been orgnized.

for example: number, figure and images

Information: Data that have been orgnized. For example, the grade of student with their name or ID.

Knowledge: Data that have been proccesed for understanding and experiences. 

Information technology architecture: is map or plan of the information in the organization. It give information about the current and how to improve it.

Application program: computer program designed to support specific task.

information systems change among the change in the need of the firm.

 Organizational employees:

Clerical worker: who support manager such as secretaries.

Lower level managers: make day to day operation.

Middle managers: make tactical decision such as short term planning.

Knowledge workers: professional employees such as telecommunication engineer in Omantel.

Executives: the top manager who make decision.  

 

Information system is foundation for business

Now a day most of the organization are depending on the knowledge more than the product itself. If the company want to compete with other they should have strong information system. Information system is a way in which people interact with the technology in support of business process.

The large growth and the success of most business is coming from information system. Because of technological change and globalization of markets, many manufacturing industries are also depending upon information systems to increase profitability, develop customer services and to gain market shares. Information systems are more than just computer programs. Information system and communications technologies are playing an increasing role in meeting business information needs so information system provide foundation for business.